Angkor Wat (Khmer: Ângkôr Vôtt; ângkôr bedeutet „Stadt“, vôtt „Tempelanlage“) ist die größte und bekannteste Tempelanlage in der Region Angkor in Kambodscha. Der Tempel befindet sich zirka 240 km nordwestlich der Hauptstadt Phnom Penh in der Nähe von Siem Reap, about 20 km north of Lake Tonle Sap. In the 10th Century were Yasovarman I (reigned 889 - ca 910) built many irrigation systems and reservoirs, which contributed to the fact that, among other things several times in rice could be harvested. This successful agriculture led to food surpluses and brought great wealth to the Khmer Empire. So it happened that the land in southern China has become a regional power center of Southeast Asia and the Khmer were able to build large cities and huge temples.
In 1113 King Suryavarman II ascended the throne and ruled until about 1150th He built the power of Angkor, then Kambuja called in several military campaigns against the neighboring Cham, against Dai Viet (see History of Vietnam) and the Mon Kingdom Haripunjaya further. He also had temples in Angkor restoration and new build.
was true that the dominant religion of Shaivism the leadership of the country Suryavarman II himself was, it can be from inscriptions on its construction and pilgrimages, include followers of Vaishnavism. In the temple of Wat Phu pilgrimage as he built next to a Shiva lingam and a statue of Bhagavati (an incarnation of Parvati or Uma, the wife of Shiva) is also an image of Vishnu.
Vishnu was the main temple of Angkor Wat, the king ordered the building in the southeastern part of the First already under Suryavarman built capital dedicated. The original name was therefore probably bisnulok or Vishnuloka as Angkor Wat until centuries later, the name of the temple complex was when he was converted to a Buddhist shrine.
Beyond the actual purpose of the work to date there is no clear clarity. The ruler of the Khmer saw themselves as stewards of God, under whose protection they were themselves and the country. Each of them had built at least a high temple of this deity was consecrated. Unusual für die Tempel Angkors ist die Ausrichtung des Angkor Wat. Anders als in den anderen Tempeln, deren Hauptzugang bzw. -ausgang nach Osten weist, ist der Angkor Wat nach Westen ausgerichtet, die Himmelsrichtung Yamas, des Gottes des Todes. Manche Forscher deuten den Tempel deshalb auch als Grabstätte des Königs. Eine Grabkammer oder Hinweise darauf wurden noch nicht gefunden.
Angkor Wat ist nur ein Teil der viel umfassenderen Gesamtanlage Angkor mit seiner Vielzahl von Tempeln, von denen Angkor Thom der größte ist (Siehe auch: Tempel in Angkor). Wie auch die anderen großen Tempelareale in Angkor, war Angkor Wat von Siedlungen umgeben. Das Baumaterial Stein war allerdings religiösen Bauwerken vorbehalten, why the secular buildings, including the residences of the rulers, not have survived.
Usually the construction of Angkor Wat, as described above, attributed to King Suryavarman II. Some scholars date the construction period in later times and have to point to stylistic and religious-historical studies. In 1927 Philippe Stern argued that the style of this temple is a refinement of the Bayon style (late 12th century to the mid-13th century) and constitutes, therefore he must have come later.
The massive buildings have a number of damages. Weather conditions, the tropical vegetation and human destructiveness, as in the example, the looting by the Siamese 15th Century, have added to the temples. Another reason for the decline is that the Khmer after 13 Century turned towards Buddhism, which is why no new temples were built more. The system was used but at least since the 16th Century as a Buddhist shrine, were attached to the 1546-1747 more than 40 inscriptions give the contents of Theravada Buddhism.
After it, due to the political situation in Cambodia, in the second half of the 20th Century was hardly possible to carry out restoration works are now different organizations busy to stop the further disintegration of Angkor Wat.
The buildings were composed of elaborately decorated sandstone. The numerous channels of the plant workers were also to transport the huge rocks with rafts. For the construction of the blocks were grinding with special facilities to be processed, that they could be piled on each other with no obvious gaps.
The entire area measures, including the moat in west-east direction about 1.5 km and North-South direction almost 1.3 km. The moat is 170-190 meters wide, and encloses the inner area. Er stellt nach der gängigen Interpretation den Ur-Ozean dar, womit er sich zusammen mit den zahlreichen Bauten der Tempelanlage in das Bild eines symbolischen Universums einordnet. Im Zentrum steht ein markanter Tempel mit fünf nach Lotusblüten geformten Türmen (Prasat). Der größte Turm ist 65 m hoch.
Viele der Tempelwände sind mit steinernen Figuren dekoriert, die Tänzerinnen - so genannte Apsaras - darstellen. Jede Figur hat eigene, besondere Merkmale, so dass sie sich untereinander nicht gleichen.
Angkor Wat fungiert als herausragendes nationales Symbol, das repräsentativ für die Khmerkultur und das heutige kambodschanische Volk steht. There is therefore a figure in a variety of public contexts, on the national flag, the bills were, etc. Even in the time of the Khmer Rouge regime a golden silhouette of the temple of the Cambodian flag.
Angkor Wat (Khmer: Angkor Vottem; Angkor means "city", Vottem "temple") is the largest and most famous temples in the Angkor region in Cambodia. The temple is located about 240 km north-west of the capital Phnom Penh in the near Siem Reap, about 20 km north of Lake Tonle Sap.
In the 10th Century were Yasovarman I (reigned 889 - ca 910) many Bewässerungsanlagen und Stauseen errichtet, was dazu beitrug, dass unter anderem mehrmals im Jahr Reis geerntet werden konnte. Diese erfolgreiche Landwirtschaft führte zu Nahrungsüberschüssen und brachte dem Khmer-Reich großen Reichtum. So kam es, dass das Land im Süden Chinas zu einem regionalen Machtzentrum Südostasiens wurde und die Khmer in der Lage waren, große Städte und gewaltige Tempelanlagen zu errichten.
Im Jahr 1113 bestieg König Suryavarman II. den Thron und regierte bis etwa 1150. Er baute die Macht Angkors, damals Kambuja genannt, in mehreren Kriegszügen gegen die benachbarten Cham, gegen Dai Viet (vgl. Geschichte Vietnams) und das Mon-Königreich Haripunjaya further. He also had temples in Angkor restoration and new build.
was true that the dominant religion of Shaivism the leadership of the country Suryavarman II himself was, it can be from inscriptions on its construction and pilgrimages, include followers of Vaishnavism. In the temple of Wat Phu pilgrimage as he built next to a Shiva lingam and a statue of Bhagavati (an incarnation of Parvati or Uma, the wife of Shiva) is also an image of Vishnu.
Vishnu was the main temple of Angkor Wat, the king in the southeastern part I already build the capital city was built under Suryavarman dedicated. The original name was therefore probably bisnulok or Vishnuloka as Angkor Wat until centuries later, the name of the temple complex was when he was converted to a Buddhist shrine.
Beyond the actual purpose of the work to date there is no clear clarity. The ruler of the Khmer saw themselves as stewards of God, under whose protection they were themselves and the country. Each of them had built at least a high temple of this deity was consecrated. Unusually for the temples of Angkor, the orientation of Angkor Wat. Unlike the other Temples, whose main entrance faces east or output, is geared to the Angkor Wat to the west, the direction of Yama, the god of death. Some researchers suggest the temple so as a tomb of the king. A grave chamber or evidence have not yet been found.
Angkor Wat is only one part of the much wider whole system with its multitude of temples of Angkor, Angkor Thom is the largest of which is (See also: Angkor). Like the other major areas of temple in Angkor, Angkor Wat was surrounded by settlements. The building material was stone, however, religious buildings subject, so by the secular buildings, including the residences der Herrscher, keine erhalten sind.
Meist wird die Errichtung des Angkor Wat, wie oben beschrieben, König Suryavarman II. zugeschrieben. Manche Forscher datieren die Bauzeit in spätere Zeiten und weisen dazu auf stilistische und religionshistorische Studien hin. Bereits 1927 argumentierte Philippe Stern, dass der Stil dieses Tempels eine Verfeinerung des Bayon-Stils (spätes 12. Jahrhundert bis Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts) darstelle und er daher später entstanden sein müsse.
Die gewaltigen Bauten weisen zahlreiche Schäden auf. Witterungseinflüsse, die tropische Vegetation und menschliche Zerstörungskraft, wie etwa die Plünderungen by the Siamese in the 15th Century, have added to the temples. Another reason for the decline is that the Khmer after 13 Century turned towards Buddhism, which is why no new temples were built more. The system was used but at least since the 16th Century as a Buddhist shrine, were attached to the 1546-1747 more than 40 inscriptions give the contents of Theravada Buddhism.
After it, due to the political situation in Cambodia, in the second half of the 20th Century was hardly possible to carry out restoration works are now different organizations busy to stop the further disintegration of Angkor Wat.
The buildings were composed of elaborately decorated sandstone. The numerous channels of the plant workers were also to transport the huge rocks with rafts. For the construction of the blocks were grinding with special facilities to be processed, that they could be piled on each other with no obvious gaps.
The entire area measures, including the moat in west-east direction about 1.5 km and North-South direction almost 1.3 km. The moat is 170-190 meters wide, and encloses the inner area. It represents to the generally accepted interpretation of the primal ocean, which He classifies himself together with the many buildings of the temple in the image of a symbolic universe. In the center is a prominent temple with five lotus-shaped towers after (Prasat). The largest tower is 65 meters high.
Many of the temple walls are decorated with stone figures, the dancers - present - so-called Apsaras. Each character has its own special characteristics, so that they do not resemble each other.
Angkor Wat acts as a prominent national symbol that is representative of the Khmer culture and today's people of Cambodia. There is therefore a figure in a variety of public contexts, on the national flag, the bills were, etc. Even in the time of the Khmer Rouge regime a golden silhouette of the temple of the Cambodian flag.
0 comments:
Post a Comment